What is lysine Crotonylation?

Lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is a type of protein post-translational modification (PTM), which plays important roles in a variety of cellular regulation and processes. However, most of these methods can predict efficiently only on histone or non-histone protein.

What does Crotonylation mean?

Noun. crotonylation (plural crotonylations) (biochemistry) posttranslational modification of lysine residues in a histone by the introduction of crotonyl groups.

Are there any class I histone deacetylases?

Here we present evidence that class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) rather than sirtuin family deacetylases (SIRTs) are the major histone decrotonylases, and that histone crotonylation is as dynamic as histone acetylation in mammalian cells. Notably, we have generated novel HDAC1 and HDAC3 mutants with impaired HDAC but intact HDCR activity.

How are selective histone deacetylases used in stem cells?

Using these mutants we demonstrate that selective HDCR in mammalian cells correlates with a broad transcriptional repression and diminished promoter association of crotonylation but not acetylation reader proteins. Furthermore, we show that histone crotonylation is enriched in and required for self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells.

How is crotonylation similar to acetylation of histone?

Like acetylation, crotonylation also occurs on the ε-amino group of Lys residues and modifies histone charge. Also similar to acetylation, the substrate for crotonylation is a donor molecule linked by a thioester to the sulfhydryl group of coenzyme A (CoA), namely crotonyl-CoA.

Which is the enzyme responsible for histone decrotonylation?

Recent studies on enzymes and reader proteins for histone crotonylation support a function of histone crotonylation in transcription. However, the enzyme (s) responsible for histone decrotonylation (HDCR) remains poorly defined.