What is E1 in communication?

 E1 is a digital communication link that enables the transmission of voice, data, and video signals at the rate of. 2.048 million bits per second (Mbps).

What are E1 circuits?

A 2.048 Mbps point-to-point dedicated, digital circuit provided by the telephone companies in Europe. E1 is the European counterpart of the North American T1 line, which transmits at 1.544 Mbps, and E1 and T1 lines can be interconnected for international use. E2 through E5 lines provide multiple E1 channels.

How does E1 channel work?

An E1 link operates over two separate sets of wires, usually unshielded twisted pair (balanced cable) or using coaxial (unbalanced cable). A nominal 3 volt peak signal is encoded with pulses using a method avoiding long periods without polarity changes.

How is a mobile application part ( map ) emulated?

Mobile Application Part (MAP) is an application layer protocol used by various elements in GSM, UMTS, and GPRS mobile core networks to provide services to mobile phone users. MAP can be transported using ‘traditional’ SS7 protocols in TDM (T1 and E1) or over IP using SIGTRAN.

How to get a GSMA network coverage map?

If you would like to include network coverage maps on your own website or are interested in coverage data, please contact [email protected] If you are a mobile network operator and member of the GSMA, please read our submissions guide to find out how to display your coverage on this service.

How does the GSM MAP protocol work for roaming?

If a subscriber is provisioned and allowed to roam under the received VLR number, HLR sends the IMSI subscription profile in Map ISD message to the VLR. This subscription profile is for voice and SMS services. Details of the subscription profile can be checked in the HLR tutorial. SGSN triggers the GPRS location update operation towards the HLR.

Is the MAP protocol standardized by the 3GPP?

If there is an error GMSC gets an error in response. MAP protocol is standardized by the 3GPP for gsm. But there are other bodies, having other protocols for similar functionalities. One is IS-41 or ANSI-41.