What does a high proliferative index mean?

In general, a high proliferation index suggests malignancy and high-grade tumors. Among solid tumors, the clinical significance of the proliferation index on breast cancer has been extensively studied.

What is cell cycle proliferation?

Synopsis. Cell proliferation is the process whereby cells reproduce themselves by growing and then dividing into two equal copies. Growth factors employ a range of growth factor signalling pathways to activate cells to enter the cell cycle.

What is the Ki 67 index?

The Ki-67 or mitotic index are ways of describing how many cells are dividing. A specialist doctor (pathologist) counts the number of NET cells that have started to divide into 2 new cells (mitoses) under a microscope. And a special stain measures the Ki-67 value.

What cycle results in cell proliferation?

1 Introduction. Normal cell proliferation occurs following a four-step cycle, known as the cell cycle: G1 phase, when cells grow and stock up on nutrients; S phase, when their DNA is duplicated; G2 phase, when DNA is checked for duplication errors and M phase, when the cell divides giving birth to two new cells.

How is the proliferation index of a cell calculated?

Proliferation Index is the total number of divisions divided by the the number of cells that went into division. The proliferation index only takes into account the cells that underwent at least one division, that is, only responding cells are reflected in the proliferation index.

Which is more useful the proliferation index or the response index?

The proliferation index only takes into account the cells that underwent at least one division, that is, only responding cells are reflected in the proliferation index. This is probably a more useful value to compare from sample to sample, as it considers only the fraction of responding cells.

How is cell proliferation measured in flow cytometry?

Proliferation and Cell Cycle. Cell proliferation can be measured by flow cytometry using several methods. Whilst simple differences in the forward and side scatter will indicate if there are some changes in the cell cycle more accurate methods are available.

How are markers used to measure cell proliferation?

The available markers typically look at DNA levels or synthesis, cellular metabolism, or proliferation-specific proteins. This guide highlights the most common methods to mark and score cell proliferation. Below are some of the best methods used to study cell proliferation.