Guidelines

What are the steps of C4 pathway?

What are the steps of C4 pathway?

C3 and C4 Pathways

  • Carboxylation – This step fixates CO2 into a steady organic intermediate. Here CO2 is used to carboxylate RuBP.
  • Reduction – This procedure leads to the creation of glucose.
  • Regeneration – Regeneration of CO2 acceptor molecule is necessary for a C3 pathway to continue its operations.

What is the C4 process?

The C4 process is also known as the Hatch-Slack pathway and is named for the 4-carbon intermediate molecules that are produced, malic acid or aspartic acid. The malate and aspartate molecules release the carbon dioxide in the chloroplasts of the bundle sheath cells and the Calvin Cycle begins.

Where does C4 cycle take place?

bundle-sheath cells
In the C4 plants, the Calvin cycle occurs in the bundle-sheath cells (in C3 plants this occurs in the mesophyll cells).

How many phases are involved in C4 cycle?

There are three phases of the Calvin cycle. In phase 1 (Carbon Fixation), CO2 is incorporated into a five-carbon sugar named ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) to form a six-carbon intermediate which immediately splits in half to form two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate.

What is the function of the C4 cycle?

The C3 cycle collects energy derived from sunlight for long-term storage of sugars that can further be used by plants and consumed by animals which forms the foundation for the food chain. C4 plants are plants which cycle carbon dioxide to 4-carbon sugar compounds in order to enter the C3 or the Calvin cycle.

What is the 1st stable product in C4 cycle?

C4 is the alternative pathway of Calvin cycle (C3 cycle) taking place during the dark phase of photosynthesis. In the C4 cycle the first stable compound is 4 carbon compound, namely oxaloacetic acid. Hence it is called C4 cycle.

How does the C3 and the C4 cycle differ?

The main difference between C3 and C4 cycle is the first stable compound produced by these reactions; the first stable compound produced in the C3 cycle is a three carbon compound called 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) whereas the first stable compound produced in the C4 cycle is a four carbon compound called oxaloacetic acid (OAA).

What is the C4 pathway?

Definition of C4 pathway or Hatch and Slack pathway . Plants, especially in the tropical region, follow this pathway. Before Calvin or C3 cycle, some plants follow the C4 or Hatch and Slack pathway. It is a two step process where Oxaloacetic acid (OAA) which is a 4-carbon compound is produced.